托福真题范文,托福作文真题范文

托福真题范文,托福作文真题范文

很高兴能够参与这个托福真题范文问题集合的解答工作。我将根据自己的知识和经验，为每个问题提供准确而有用的回答，并尽量满足大家的需求。

文章目录列表:

1.托福独立写作模范文：广告的利弊
2.托福TPO16综合写作及材料原文
3.托福TPO26综合写作及材料原文
4.托福写作话题分析之女性
5.托福独立写作范文参考：对朋友能完全诚实吗
6.新托福综合写作TPO13及材料欣赏

托福独立写作模范文：广告的利弊

托福独立写作非常难写，这是很多学生的真实写照，托福栏目我整理了相关的资料，希望可以帮助考生度过考试的难关，下面是我搜集的托福独立写作范文：广告的利弊的相关资讯，欢迎参考!

托福独立写作范文：广告的利弊

Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things that we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

有些人认为广告鼓励我们购买我们不需要的东西。另外一些人则认为广告告诉我们改善我们生活的新产品。你同意哪种观点?用具体原因和例子阐明你的回答。

托福独立写作模板：英文例文

The whole point of advertising is to encourage us to buy things we don't need. Advertisers are in the business of making money of themselves and their clients. If they manage to sell us something that's good for us too, that's fine. But their primary goal is profit.

It begins when we're children. Saturday morning children's television is full of commercials. Over and over again, children see images of toys and games. They see other children who are having the time of their lives. They watch these children and get the message that if they want to have that much fun, they need to buy those things. Thus, at a very early age, we're introduced to two ideas: that we want to be like everyone else, and we want to have what everyone else has.

This continues throughout our lives. We spend a lot of our money trying to keep up with our neighbors. We buy the latest model cars, have all the latest gadgets in our homes, and live a lifestyle beyond our budgets. Advertising encourages us to define ourselves by what we own rather than by who we are. It encourages a competition of false values and shallow measurements of what matters in our lives.

Advertising can be damaging. However, it is also one of the ways in which our economy keeps growing. People need to buy products in order for other people to have jobs manufacturing, transporting and selling those products. Advertising also keeps us informed about new products that may actually help us in some way. For these reasons, you could say advertising is a necessary evil.

托福独立写作模板：范文词汇

client：顾客; 当事人; 诉讼委托人; [计算机]客户端

commercial：(电台或电视播放的)广告

gadget：小玩意; 小配件; 小装置

measurement：量度; 份量，尺寸; 测量法; (量得的)尺寸

competition：竞争; 比赛; 竞争者; [生]生存竞争

manufacturing：制造业，工业

托福TPO16综合写作及材料原文

托福TPO16综合写作范文及材料原文

　托福TPO16综合写作材料是关于英国的考古研究问题的。下面是我整理的托福TPO16综合写作范文几原文材料，欢迎阅读!

托福TPO16综合写作范文：

　The professor explained three aspects of the new guidelines adopted in the United Kingdom, each of which has successfully addressed the problems mentioned in the reading passage concerning the preservation of artifacts, the funding of archaeological research, and career opportunities in archaeology.

　First, the professor pointed out that according to the new guidelines, any construction project must undergo an evaluation process in order for the archaeological value of the site to be ascertained. If a site is determined to contain precious objects, a panel of experts is convened to draw up a preservation plan. This measure has proven very effective in addressing the first problem mentioned in the reading ? careless and irresponsible construction projects being pursued without any regard for archaeological preservation.

　Second, the lecturer explained that the new guidelines shifted the responsibility for funding archaeological work, from initial examination to future preservation, from the government to construction companies. As a result of this shift, the second problem highlighted in the reading concerning insufficient government funds for archaeological research has been significantly addressed.

　The professor's last point concerned the final problem raised in the reading material ? a decline in archaeology-related job opportunities. She argued that thanks to the new guidelines, many skillful, full-time archaeological experts and professionals are now needed to handle work at various stages of archaeological investigation, research, and preservation.

托福TPO16综合写作阅读材料：

　The United Kingdom (sometimes referred to as Britain) has a long and rich history of human settlement. Traces of buildings, tools, and art can be found from periods going back many thousands of years: from the Stone Age, through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the time of the Roman colonization, the Middle Ages, up to the beginnings of the industrial age. Yet from most of the twentieth century, the science of archaeology ? dedicated to uncovering and studying old cultural artifacts ? was faced with serious problems and limitations in Britain.

　英国(有的时候被称为不列颠)在人类居住建筑方面有久远丰富的历史。建筑、建筑工具以及建筑艺术的遗迹的历史可以追溯到数千年。从石器时代开始，历经青铜时代、铁器时代、罗马殖民时代、中世纪，一直到工业时代的初期。但是在20世纪的大部分时间里的英国，致力于挖掘和研究古代文化遗迹的考古学面临着严峻的问题和局限性。

　First, many valuable artifacts were lost to construction projects. The growth of Britain?s population, especially from the 1950s on, spurred a lot of new construction in British cities, towns, and villages. While digging foundations for new buildings, the builders often uncovered archaeologically valuable sites. Usually, however, they proceeded with the construction and did not preserve the artifacts. Many archaeologically precious artifacts were therefore destroyed.

　首先，建筑工程破坏了很多有价值的估计。从1950年以来愈加明显的人口增加导致了英国建筑业的迅猛发展，无论是在城市、乡镇还是村庄。在给新建筑打地基的时候，建筑者常常会挖掘到一些有价值的文物遗迹。然而，常常建筑工人会继续进行工作，而不是保护这些文物。很多很多珍贵的考古文物就因此遭到了破坏。

　Second, many archaeologists felt that the financial support for archaeological research are inadequate. For most of the twentieth century, archaeology was funded mostly through government funds and grants, which allowed archaeologists to investigate a handful of the most important sites but which left hundreds of other interesting projects without support. Furthermore, changing government priorities brought about periodic reductions in funding.

　第二，很多考古学家都感觉到考古学研究的经费不足。在二十世纪的大部分时间里，考古的`经费大多来自于政府的基金和拨款。经费的不足导致考古学家只能研究很少了的最重要的遗迹，而数以千计的其他有意义的项目都缺乏经费。而且，政府预算优先权的改变也导致了经费的周期性减少。

　Third, it was difficult to have a career in archaeology. Archaeology jobs were to be found at universities or with a few government agencies, but there were never many positions available. Many people who wanted to become archaeologists ended up pursuing other careers and contributing to archaeological research only as unpaid amateurs.

　第三，考古事业难以为继。只有在大学和很少数的政府部门才能找到考古学相关的工作。但是职位总是供不应求。很多想成为考古学家的人都放弃了，选择了其他的领域，仅仅把考古学研究当做一个没有收益的业余爱好。

托福TPO16综合写作听力材料：

　In 1990, new rules and guidelines were adopted in the United Kingdom that has changed the whole field of Archaeology in that country. The new guidelines improved the situation in all there areas discussed in the passage.

　在1990年，英国颁布了新的法规和指南，从而改变了英国整过考古学领域。新的指南改善了阅读部分提到的所有领域出现的问题。

　First, the new guidelines state that before any construction project can start, the construction site has to be examined by archaeologists to see whether the site is of archaeological interest or value. If the site is of archaeological interest, the next step is for the builders, archaeologists and local government officials to get together and make a plan for preserving the archaeological artifacts, either by building around them or by excavating and documenting them properly before the construction is allowed to proceed.

　首先，新的指南要求所有建筑工程开工之前都要经由考古学家检查以确定该地是否有考古价值的遗迹。如果有考古价值，那么下一步就是建筑者、考古学家和当地政府的联合行都了。他们要在一起制定一个保护考古遗迹的计划。要么在周围的地方建房子，要么在开工之前把文物妥善地挖掘保存起来。

　Second, an important part of the new guidelines is a rule that any archaeological work done on the construction site will be paid for by the construction company not by the government. The construction company has to pay for the initial examination of the site, and then for all the work carried out under the preservation plan. This is a whole new source of financial support. The funding from construction companies has allowed researchers to study a far greater range of archaeological sites than they could in the past.

　第二，新指南很重要的一部分就是规定对于建筑工地的考古学检查的费用由建筑公司而不是政府支付。建筑公司要为工地最初的检查付费，同时随之而来的全部保存计划都由建筑公司付费。这是一个全新的资金来源。来自建筑公司的资金保证研究人员可以进行逼以往更为深入的考古研究。

　Last, the new guidelines provide a lot of paid work for archaeologists, work that didn?t exist before. Expert archaeologists are now hired at all stages of the process to examine the site for archaeological value, then to help draw up the preservation plan to do the research in a professional scientific manner and finally to process the date and write reports and articles. The increased job and career opportunities in Archaeology have increased the number of professional archaeologists in Britain, which is now the highest it?s ever been.

　最后，新的指南为考古学家提供了很多新的就业机会，而这在以前是不可能的。整过的考古研究过程都需要雇佣考古专家。从检查地基的考古学价值，然后帮助制定符合专业科学研究的保护机会，到最后处理数据、撰写报告和文章，这些都需要考古学家。增加的考古类工作岗位和事业发展机会使得现在英国有了更多的专业考古学家，而这是有史以来最多的时候。

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托福TPO26综合写作及材料原文

托福TPO26综合写作范文及材料原文

　斑马贻贝，一种原产于东欧的淡水贝类，早已从原来的栖息地传播出去，现在已到达北美洲的.部分地区。托福TPO26综合写作阅读材料认为控制不了斑马贻贝的蔓延。对当地生物造成影响，听力材料反驳了这种观点。下面是我分享的材料原文和参考范文，希望能对大家有所帮助!

托福TPO26综合写作范文：

　Contrary to what is argued in the passage, the lecture illustrates how zebra mussels are not likely to become a serious threat to freshwater fish populations in North America.

　First and foremost, new knowledge of the zebra mussel has shed light on new ways to prevent their invasion, even though people in the past have not been able to stop the spread of zebra mussels effectively. For instance, although a large amount of zebra mussels spread to North America by staying in the ballast water of a ship, people can now get rid of them before the ship gets to the shore ? if the ballast water is emptied halfway of the journey and refreshed with sea water, the zebra mussels can be exterminated as soon as they get exposed to salt water.

　Furthermore, zebra mussels are not likely to dominate a new habitat for a long period of time. The lecture agrees that zebra mussels may have no predators and reproduce rapidly in the beginning, but it would not be long before predators notice this new source of food and therefore prevent its domination.

　Finally, zebra mussels would not cause the decline of overall fish population. While zebra mussels would most likely cause the decline of plankton eaters, as the passage suggests, they would also provide nutrients for bottom-feeding fish and eventually cause the population of those fish to increase.

托福TPO26综合写作阅读材料：

　The zebra mussel, a freshwater shellfish native to Eastern Europe, has long been spreading out from its original habitats and has now reached parts of North America. There are reasons to believe that this invasion cannot be stopped and that it poses a serious threat to freshwater fish populations in all of North America.

　First, the history of the zebra mussel's spread suggests that the invasion might be unstoppable. It is a prime example of an invasion made possible by human transportation. From the zebra mussel，s original habitats in Eastern Europe, ships helped spread it out along new canals built to connect Europe?s waterways. The mussel can attach itself to a ship? s bottom or can survive in the water?called "ballast water"?that the ship needs to take on to properly balance its cargo. By the early nineteenth century, the mussel had spread to the whole of Europe. It was later carried to the east coast of North America in the ballast water of ships traveling from Europe. The way ships have spread the zebra mussel in the past strongly suggests that the species will soon colonize all of North America.

　Moreover, once zebra mussels are carried to a new habitat, they can dominate it. They are a hardy species that does well under a variety of conditions, and they have a high rate of reproduction. Most important, however, zebra mussels often have no predators in their new habitats, and species without natural predators are likely to dominate their habitats.

　Finally, zebra mussels are likely to cause a decline in the overall fish population in habitats where they become dominant. The mussels are plankton eaters, which means that they compete for food with many freshwater fish species.

托福TPO26综合写作听力材料：

　Contrary to what you just read, there are ways to control the zebra mussel's spread. What's more, it is not so clear that the mussel is a serious threat to fish populations.

　True, the spread of zebra mussels couldn't be controlled in the past, but that's because people didn't have enough knowledge. In fact, there are effective ways to stop ships from carrying the mussels to new locations. Here's an example. The way zebra mussels usually travel across the ocean is that a ship takes on some fresh "ballast water" in Europe and then empties that water into American waterways when it arrives. Full of zebra mussels, but the ship can be required to empty out the freshwater and refill with ocean water while still out in the ocean. Salt water will kill the mussels.

　Second, it's true that zebra mussels often don't have predators in their new habitats, but that's only in the beginning. What's been happening in Europe is that local aquatic birds sooner or later notice there's a new food source around and change their habits to exploit it. They switch from whatever they were eating before to eating zebra mussels. And birds can eat a lot of mussels. So zebra mussels aren't so likely to dominate their new habitats after all.

　Finally, even in habitats where zebra mussels become dominant, is the overall fish population likely to decrease. It's true that zebra mussels may have a negative impact on fish that eat plankton. But on other fish, they can have a positive impact. For example, the mussels generate nutrients that are eaten by fish that feed near the bottom of the lake or river. So bottom-feeding fish populations may increase, even if plankton-eating fish population decrease.

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托福写作话题分析之女性

有输入才会有输出，要想写出高分的托福 作文 ，我们也要多多参考别人的优秀 范文 ，下面我给大家带来托福写作话题分析之女性，望喜欢1

托福写作真题范文：时装为女性创作

‘New fashions in clothing are created solely

for the commercial exploitation of women’

Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in face, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.

This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called ‘ top designers’ in Paris or Longdon lay down the lawy and women the whole world over rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be hight; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.

If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailed by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Mayb women squander vast sums of money each year to ｒｅｐｌａｃｅ clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who can not afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-lines are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.

No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are really important to society. Fashion designers are rarelyconcerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the face that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you decide.

托福写作素材：为什么女性比男性更适合做司机

It appears that only one thing has prevented women being declared better drivers than men – their modesty.

在宣布女性比男性更适合做司机这件事上，好像只有一件事成了阻碍——那就是女性太谦虚了。

A study has found that women really are more proficient behind the wheel – they just lack the confidence to say it.

一项研究发现，在驾驶方面女性比男性更精通——但是她们却没信心说出来。

When put through their paces, women motorists comfortably beat men in a series of driving tests.

经过一系列的驾驶测试发现，在驾驶方面，女性司机很轻松地就赢过了男性司机。

In the tests, men and women conformed to gender stereotypes – with men more likely to take risks, drive too close to the car in front, cut corners, go through lights on amber or talk at the wheel.

在测试中，女性和男性司机都非常符合本性别的角色定型——男司机更喜欢冒险、与前面车辆相距过近、抄近路、闯黄灯或驾驶时说话或打电话。

By contrast, women are more likely to be courteous and considerate, take care when approaching potential hazards, use their mirrors correctly and stop at lights when they turn amber.

相比之下，女司机表现的则更有礼貌和体贴，在接近潜在危险时更加小心谨慎，正确应用她们的反光镜，黄灯亮时会停止行驶。

The study by Privilege Insurance concluded: ‘After years of debate and banter comes the news that will have men running for cover. It is now official: women are actually better drivers than men.'

优惠 保险 (Privilege Insurance)根据调查 总结 道：“多年的争论后得出的结论让男性无地自容，因为现在官方承认：与男司机相比，女司机是更好的司机。

The tests were supplemented by a driver-attitude poll of 1,383 motorists, which found that fewer than a third of women (28 per cent) believed they were better drivers than men. By contrast, only one in eight men (13 per cent) thought women were superior behind the wheel.

另外一项对1383名驾驶员的驾驶态度调查也补充证实了上述测试结果。在这项调查中发现，不到三分之一(28%)的女性相信她们自己比男性更适合当司机。而仅仅八分之一(13%)的男性认为女性在驾驶方面比他们更精通。

Vocabulary

motorist 驾驶员

gender stereotype 性别角色定型

amber **

托福词汇中的女性称呼

a plain Jane　不起眼的女人

clinging vine　会撒娇的女子;依赖男子的女人

skirt　青年女子

doll 美人

one's old lady　老娘，某人的母亲

one's ball and chain　老婆

the little woman　老婆，太太

spring chicken　少女

old hen　老婆子

托福口语中形容女性的句型：

1. Hey, look at the chick over there.

看看在那边的女孩.Chick 这个字代表的就是女孩子, 各位不要跟 chic (时尚) 这个字给搞混了. Chick 这个字念起来就像是 chicken 前面的几个音, 所以蛮好认的. 一般而言 chick 和 girl 是可以交互使用的, 例如, 她是个十三岁的女孩, 就是 She is a thirteen-year-old chick.

2. She is gorgeous!

她真是漂亮.

要懂得适时地称赞女孩实在是每个男士必修的功课. 一句简单的 You are pretty! 或是 You are so beautiful 就可以让人家高兴上好半天. Gorgeous 和 pretty, beautiful 都是美丽的意思, 但是程度上可能要比 pretty 和 beautiful 还要再来的高一些. 所以下次再看到美女, 别忘了说一声, You are gorgeous! 说不定她就变成你的老婆了.

3. She is a babe.

她是个美女.这句话是用来形容美女的喔. 像是我今天去打球看到一个很美很美的女孩, 那我就会跟我的同学说, She is really a babe. 要特别注意 babe 跟 baby 只有一字之差但却相差十万八钎里. 你钎万不要说成 Oh! I like the baby, 那么你很有可能被人家当成恋童癖.

4. She turns me on.

她让我眼睛为之一亮.

各位男生不知有没有这样的 经验 , 一位长发美女从你眼前走过, 你的目光便不自觉地投射在她身上, 全身的血液也开始跟著沸腾起来. 这要怎么用英文形容呢? 这就叫 She turns me on. 这好像是说, 她把你身上的电源都给打开了.

另外, turn-on 也可以当作名词用, 它用来表示任何令你觉得很不错的人, 事, 物. 另外你可以说 She is such a turn-on. 就是说她给我的感觉还蛮不错的.

托福写作提分注意7种托福写作常用的过渡词

1)时间

表示时间的过渡词能用到以下表达：before, after, ago, later, then, next, at the same time, while,meanwhile, since, during.

EXAMPLE

As China has witnessed its dramatic transformation in economy since1978, people’s life has been altered a lot compared with decades of years ago.During the past years, people’s eating habits have also been different. With more choicesemerging, there are more kinds of food available; at the same time, theprocessed technology makes it possible to preserve the nutrients of food asmuch as possible.

2) 因果关系

表示一个事物引起另一个事物的过渡词能用到以下表达：because, because of, since, on account of, due to, owing to, so, therefore,thereby, hence, thereby, thus, as a result, result in, as a consequence,consequently.

EXAMPLE

Meanwhile, in some rich countries and areas where education ishighly developed, there are other factors which may hind a country’sdevelopment, such as environmental pollution. Beijing, for example, as China’s educationcenter, has seen its people suffering from heavy smog since several years ago.With the rapid development of this metropolis, the air quality is getting worseand worse. People get sick and some of them even die. More and more companiesand workers are leaving this city because of the unaffordable health cost,resulting in huge economic damage. In this case, it is air quality that acts asthe most key part in social development instead of education. Thus the mosturgent task for the government is to improve the air quality other thanimproving schools.

3) 并列关系

在写作中表示并列关系可用以下表达：First…Second…Third….Also, as well as, and, similarly，besides，On one hand…one theother hand…

EXAMPLE

In contrast, to protect the environment and develop farming, thegovernment should encourage farmers to compost animal waste for use as anatural soil amendment and reduce the use of pesticides that contain hazardouselements so as to ensure food security as well as food safety.

4) 递进关系：

为了在 文章 中表示递进关系，可以采用以下表达：Moreover, furthermore, in addition, what’s more,besides, also, similarly

EXAMPLE

What we should not ignore is the advantages owned by small partiesthat cannot be replaced by big parties. Compared with small parties, bigparties cost much more money and not all the food and drinks can be eaten up,as a result of which would cause much more waste; besides, there are much morepeople in the big parties and it is hard to know about all of them, among whichthe strangers can cause alienation and loneliness; in addition, unlike smallparties, big parties are hard to organize because it is really difficult tomake a schedule which is available to all the participants. Thus, it is easier,more economical, and more convenient to have small parties rather than bigparties.

5) 让步转折关系

在文章中表示让步转折的关系，可以采用以下表达：Although, though, despite, in spite of

EXAMPLE

Though we can see the importance of communication skills, it is hardfor us to agree with the arguer since there are many other important aspectsfor a person’s success which are left out.

6) 比较关系:

为了在写作中体现比较关系，可以采用一下表达：Compare with, in comparison with, in contrast to, similar to,similarly, like, unlike, either/or, Correspondently, resemble, almost the sameas, at the same time as, just as, in a like manner, in the same way, common in,than, also, neither/nor, differ from, while yet, instead

EXAMPLE

By contrast, it is needful for the government to put more money inenhancing the economy of the impoverished areas. A small village in my hometowncan be evident. Compared with the city’s prosperity, thisvillage is almost cut off from civilization, where people lead an extremelypoor life: their food is only potatoes; their clothes are dirty and worn-out;their houses are dilapidated, made of woods and stones; there is almost no busthat can reach there since the road is bad.

7) 解释说明

通过举例说明某一观点时可用一下表达：In other words, to clarify, to explain, to paraphrase, as, like,that is, for example, such as, for instance, to illustrate, namely

EXAMPLE

Working is a lifelong thing. If money has been put the first, it canbe wrong. I will give an example in order to explain my viewpoint. Manywhite-collar workers in big cities always work overtime in order to earn moremoney. But working overtime has eroded their relaxing time and damaged theirhealth and family relationship. Later, they have to pay a high price to fixtheir health problems and their unhappy family life. Moreover, some unluckystaff even died from overwork.

托福独立写作范文参考：对朋友能完全诚实吗

　托福写作水平的提升重在练习与实践，范文与模版能作为我们借鉴学习吸收优秀之处的参考，那么下面就和的我来看看托福独立写作范文参考：对朋友能完全诚实吗？

　 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement： It is impossible to be completely honest with your friends.（对朋友能完全诚实吗）

　I know clearly that before the God and the Lord， every human mortal is a liar. But this does not mean that it is impossible to be entirely honest with friends. On the contrary， I have been and will be honest with all my friends.

　Unlike the out-of-date commodities in the supermarkets or the fisher’s markets that are discounted or depreciated， my honesty with friends and families is one hundred percent. And I advocate you all， my brothers and sisters in this world and the next， to be honest to your friends.

　If you are honest to your friends， and your neighbors and your families as well， you are honest to your own heart and soul. On the contrary， if you tell lie to your friends， you betray yourself. Whose life can be lightened if the soul and heart has been betrayed？ I therefore claim that true hearts and intelligent minds will always be honest to others， even to the foes， needless to say the friends.

　I am especially interested in explaining what a friend is. Next I discuss why we must be honest with friends， and then we talk about how to be honest with friends.

　A friend in need is a friend in deed， as the old saying goes. A friend is a friend. He or she is neither your father nor your mother， but a friend in many cases plays important roles that parents cannot play. Therefore it is necessary to be entirely honest to be a friend. When in the childhood， human beings are born to be honest with friends and foes， if they have. But during the process of growing， human beings are tarnished spiritually and even physically. Gradually， the minds are misled and the individuals are on the brink of going astray. Lies， together with other sins such as jealousness， envy， fury， anger， rage， wrath， greed， voracity， ravenousness， resentment， have flooded into the minds whose thirsty could never be quenched by the fountain of the mundane sins.

　The first time of dishonesty with a friend， no matter to what extent， is the very beginning of the injustice and the unrighteousness， which have the inherited evil strength to multiply and finally to ruin the human beings， individually or as a group of society as well.

　Honesty is cherished human virtue. Regardless of the race， color， and the distinct dissimilarities among cultures， honesty is considered to be the very foundation and the building blocks of human personality， integrity， and dignity. Any one will be unhappy if he or she is cheated. A small lie might devastate the friendship and destroy everything good to spiritual and mental life.

　To be honest to a friend， one is supposed to be the right-doer， not the evildoer. Also， it is necessary to be smart in language. In my life， I see lots of bright minds but sluggish and slow in good language. Although they do not intend to insult or cheat a friend， their words are not sound to the ears. I here say to you， especially my young friends， your words are full of strength. If you control well your words， you win your friends and the friendship will be evergreen as the tress established by the clean streams.

　It is not so easy to be entirely honest to friends， but this is just the very significance of our life in this world. My friends， I am entirely honest to you and I hope that you all be honest to me. I myself will be greatly encouraged by your honesty. I love you all and may you love each other and be honest with others in whatever circumstances.

新托福综合写作TPO13及材料欣赏

新托福综合写作TPO13范文及材料欣赏

　私人化石收藏家们从十八世纪就开始涉足化石买卖。新托福综合写作TPO13写作材料就花式私人买卖的是好的还是坏的进行了讨论。下面是我整理的新托福综合写作TPO13范文和材料，欢迎阅读!

　新托福综合写作TPO13范文：

　The lecturer rejects the ideas presented in the reading passage about the problems involved in the booming business of commercial fossil trading. In her opinion, the benefits of this new development outweigh its negative consequences.

　The lecturer does not agree with the first point made in the reading?that private collectors keep their fossil collections away from the public. She contends that the commercial trading of fossils actually makes them available to a wider public, because everyone with a budget, such as private schools and libraries, can purchase them for study and exhibition.

　The lecturer goes on to refute the claim in the reading that fossil trading business prevents scientists and public museum from benefiting from fossil finds, as these parties cannot compete with wealthy private buyers to acquire important fossils for research purpose. On the contrary, she argues, scientists themselves are the first to evaluate any important fossil before it can be sold in the commercial market at a price, so the academic community does not miss any opportunity to study privately traded fossils.

　Additionally, the lecturer challenges the final downside of fossil trading mentioned in the reading. The lecturer reminds us that the damages, if any, caused by private collectors in their field operations are more than offset by the effort these individuals have made to increase the number of fossils available to the public that would otherwise remain undiscovered.

　新托福综合写作TPO13阅读材料：

　Private collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteen century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates has grown into a big business. Rare and important fossils are now being sold to private ownership for millions of dollars. This is an unfortunate development for both scientists and the general public.

　私人化石收藏家们从十八世纪就开始涉足化石买卖。所谓化石是指那些古代有机体的石化物。然而最近几年，化石买卖，尤其是恐龙和其他大型脊椎动物的化石的买卖变得繁荣起来了。稀有而重要的化石现在以百万计的价格在私人搜藏家之间流通。这种现象无论对于科学家还是对于公众来说，都不是一件好事情。

　The public suffers because fossils that would otherwise be donated to museums where everyone can see them are sold to private collectors who do not allow the public to view their collections. Making it harder for the public to see fossils can lead to a decline in public interest in fossils, which would be a pity.

　化石不在捐赠给博物馆而是由私人收藏家持有，而不是像过去那样捐赠给博物馆。私人收藏家不会让公众看他的藏品，而博物馆里的展品却是人人有机会看到的。这样对于公众来说是受损的'。接触化石的机会变少会让大众失去对化石的兴趣的，而这一点显然是令人遗憾的。

　More importantly, scientists are likely to lose access to some of the most important fossils and thereby miss out on potentially crucial discoveries about extinct life forms. Wealthy fossil buyers with a desire to own the rarest and most important fossils can spend virtually limitless amounts of money to acquire them. Scientists and the museums and universities they work for often cannot compete successfully for fossils against millionaire fossil buyers.

　更重要的是，科学家将错失很多研究珍贵化石的机会，进而可能同一些关于灭绝生物的重大发现失之交臂。富有的化石购买者因为对稀有而重要化石的强烈渴望，将会不计成本地想得到这些化石。科学家和他们所服务的博物馆和大学都无力同那些身价百万的化石购买者竞争，也只能坐视失去化石。

　Moreover, commercial fossil collectors often destroy valuable scientific evidence associated with the fossils they unearth. Most commercial fossil collectors are untrained or uninterested in carrying out the careful field work and documentation that reveal the most about animal life in the past. For example, scientists have learned about the biology of nest-building dinosaurs called oviraptors by carefully observing the exact position of oviraptors fossils in the ground and the presence of other fossils in the immediate surroundings. Commercial fossil collectors typically pay no attention to how fossils lie in the ground or to the smaller fossils that may surround bigger ones.

　而且，商业化石收藏家常常会破坏他们挖掘出的化石中有科学价值的部分。多数商业化石收藏家常常没有接受过专业的训练，同时对谨慎研究记录化石没有兴趣。而这些研究和记录可以揭示过去生活在地球上的生命最重要的信息。科学家就是通过对筑巢的偷蛋龙的研究就是这种方法：通过对偷蛋龙化石的埋在地下的精确位置以及邻近的其他化石的状态来获知其生物特性的。私人化石搜藏家万网不关注化石埋藏的唯一以及大型化石边上那些小型的化石。

　新托福综合写作TPO13听力材料：

　Of course, there are some negative consequences of selling fossils in the commercial market, but they have been greatly exaggerated. The benefits of commercial fossil trade greatly outweigh the disadvantages.

　当然，在商业市场上买卖化石是有一些负面影响，但是这些负面影响在阅读部分被夸大了。化石买卖的优点大大的超过其缺点。

　First of all, the public is likely to have greater exposure to fossils as a result of commercial fossil trade, not less exposure. Commercial fossil hunting makes a lot of fossils available for purchase, and as a result, even low-level public institutions like public schools and libraries can now routinely buy interesting fossils and display them for the public.

　首先，私人化石买卖合法之后，公众接触化石的机会不是变少了，而是增加了。私人化石买卖让更多的化石进入流通领域。这样，甚至等级较低的公共机构，比如公立学校和图书馆也有能力通过正规渠道购买化石，并向公众展示了。

　As for the idea that scientists will lose access to really important fossils, that?s not realistic either. Before anyone can put a value on a fossil, it needs to be scientifically identified, right? Well, the only people who can identify, who can really tell what a given fossil is or isn?t, are scientists, by performing detailed examinations and tests on the fossils themselves. So, even if a fossil is destined to go to a private collector, it has to pass through the hands of scientific experts first. This way, the scientific community is not going to miss out on anything important that?s out there.

　至于说科学家将错失接触重要化石机会的说法，也是站不住脚的。不论是谁，在给一组化石定价之前，都一定是需要科学家来鉴定的，是不是?那么，唯一能够鉴定化石，唯一能够说出化石是否有价值的人是科学家。是科学家通过对细节的检查和测试来决定化石的价值的。所以，即使化石最终归于私人收藏家，但是还是要首先经过科学家的手的。这样，科学团体就不会错过化石上的任何重要信息了。

　Finally, whatever damage commercial fossil collectors sometimes do, if it weren?t for them, many fossils would simply go undiscovered because there aren?t that many fossil collecting operations that are run by universities and other scientific institutions. Isn?t it better for science to at least have more fossils being found even if we don?t have all the scientific data we?d like to have about their location and surroundings than it is to have many fossils go completely undiscovered?

　最后，私人化石收藏者的确会损坏化石，但是如果没有他们，很多化石就会永远埋在地下了。这是因为大学和其他科学研究机构没有足够多的化石采集项目。对于科学发展来说，能够发现更多的化石比让化石长眠于地下要好，不是吗?尽管我们可能确实一些诸如化石位置其周围伴生化石的信息。

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好了，今天我们就此结束对“托福真题范文”的讲解。希望您已经对这个主题有了更深入的认识和理解。如果您有任何问题或需要进一步的信息，请随时告诉我，我将竭诚为您服务。

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