托福真题听力原文翻译,托福真题听力原文翻译答案

托福真题听力原文翻译,托福真题听力原文翻译答案

大家好，今天我将为大家介绍一下关于托福真题听力原文翻译的问题。为了更好地理解这个问题，我对相关资料进行了归纳整理，现在让我们一起来看看吧。

文章目录列表:

1.托福TPO2Part2阅读原文及参考答案
2.如何真正听懂托福听力
3.这些句子怎么翻译（托福机经汉译英）
4.tpo 17 听力的问题 读不懂题目选项 求英语翻译 托福
5.请问托福tpo16这句话是什么结构？怎么翻译？

托福TPO2Part2阅读原文及参考答案

　托福TPO作为大家托福备考的模考工具，它的题目对我们有很大的参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面我给大家带来托福TPO2Part2阅读原文及参考答案，望喜欢。

托福TPO2Part2阅读原文

　The Origins Of Cetaceans

　It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

　Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale. The fossil was officially named Pakicetus in honor of the country where the discovery was made. Pakicetus was found embedded in rocks formed from river deposits that were 52 million years old. The river that formed these deposits was actually not far from an ancient ocean known as the Tethys Sea.

　The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales. Pakicetus probably detected sound through the ear opening as in land mammals. The skull also lacks a blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.

　Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.

　An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea

　Fluke: the two parts that constitute the large triangular tail of a whale

　1. "Blowhole: a hole in the top of the head used for breathing

　Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke3 and blowhole4 cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

　托福TPO2Part2阅读题目

　Directions: Mark your answer by filling in the oval next to your choice.

　1. In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?

　It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.

　It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.

　It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.

　It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.

　2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

　It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like

　There were great numbers of them.

　They lived in the sea only.

　They did not leave many fossil remains.

　Paragraph 3: The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales. Pakicetus probably detected sound through the ear opening as in land mammals. The skull also lacks a blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.

　3. The word precious in the passage is closest in meaning to

　Exact

　Scarce

　Valuable

　Initial

　4. Pakicetus and modern cetaceans have similar

　Hearing structures

　Adaptations for diving

　Skull shapes

　Breeding locations

　5. The word it in the passage refers to

　Pakicetus

　Fish

　Life

　ocean

　Paragraph 4: Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.

　6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to

　Explained

　Visible

　Identified

　Located

　7. The hind leg of Basilosaurus was a significant find because it showed that Basilosaurus

　Lived later than Ambulocetus natans

　Lived at the same time as Pakicetus

　Was able to swim well

　Could not have walked on land

　8. It can be inferred that Basilosaurus bred and gave birth in which of the following locations

　On land

　Both on land and at sea

　In shallow water

　In a marine environment

　Paragraph 5: An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea

　9. Why does the author use the word luckily in mentioning that the Ambulocetus natans fossil included hind legs?

　Fossil legs of early whales are a rare find.

　The legs provided important information about the evolution of cetaceans.

　The discovery allowed scientists to reconstruct a complete skeleton of the whale.

　Until that time, only the front legs of early whales had been discovered.

　10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

　Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.

　The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.

　Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.

　By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.

　11. The word propulsion in the passage is closest in meaning to

　Staying afloat

　Changing direction

　Decreasing weight

　Moving forward

　Paragraph 1: Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? ■Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.■Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. ■In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale.

　12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

　This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages.

　Where would the sentence best fit?

　13-14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

　This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins.

　●

　●

　●

　Answer Choices

　1. Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show the link between land mammals and cetaceans.

　2. The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.

　3. The skeleton of Basilosaurus was found in what had been the Tethys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence.

　4. Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found.

　5. Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found.

　6. Ambulocetus' hind legs were used for propulsion in the water

托福TPO2Part2 阅读答案

　参考答案：

　1、2

　2、1

　3、3

　4、3

　5、1

　6、2

　7、4

　8、4

　9、2

　10. 3

　11. 4

　12. 2

　13-14. 1 2 5

　托福TPO2Part2阅读原文翻译

　沙漠已经占据了地球表面积约四分之一，而且最近几十年正以惊人的速度扩张。沙漠化是指类似沙漠的环境漫延到原本并非沙漠的区域。据估计，地球表面另外四分之一的地方正面临沙漠化威胁。

　沙漠化主要通过以下过程实现：首先自然植被不断减少，随后风力和 雨水 加速了土壤的腐蚀。有的时候松散的土壤全部被风刮走，留下石质化的表层; 其它 情况下细小的沙粒可能会被吹走，而正常沙粒大小的砂子不断堆积，从而形成移动的沙丘或者沙脊。

　即便是在保留了土壤表层的区域，植被减少也已成为土壤大量吸取地下水的能力下降的典型因素。雨水对松散土壤的冲击会把细小的粘土颗粒冲到土壤空隙中，封闭了土壤并降低土地表层水的渗透率。地表对水的吸收急剧减少，大量水资源流失，因此土壤的腐蚀率也随即增加。地表吸收水分的能力进一步弱化使得土壤越发干燥，导致植被的进一步流失，于是便形成了土壤沙漠化的恶性循环。

　在一些地方，沙漠面积的扩大很大程度上归因于干燥的气候条件。在过去的几千年里，不断增加的温室效应使得一些地方干旱问题愈发严重。倘若空气污染带来的温室效应继续恶化，沙漠化进程会在未来数十年内加速实现。

　然而，可以肯定的是，大部分地区沙漠化主要都是由于人类活动造成，而非自然条件导致。沙漠边缘的半干旱土地所处的生态平衡环境非常脆弱，环境压力持续增加，而这些半干旱区域适应环境压力的能力极其有限。人口数量的增加使得人们不断向土地施压，依其提供食物和燃料。在湿润的季节里，土地兴许能够应付这些压力。但是在干旱的季节里，在沙漠周边的土地上，存在着这样一个十分普遍的现象：人类对土地施加的压力远远超过了土地自身减压的能力，因此最终形成了沙漠。

　导致沙漠化的主要因素有四个：过度 种植 ，过度放牧，过分砍伐，过度灌溉。由于人口密度增加，人们对粮食作物的种植已经扩展到日益干燥的区域进行。这些区域很有可能经常会发生干旱，所以农作物种植失败是很正常的事情。大多数农作物的种植需要事先移除天然植被，而农作物欠收后又会留下大面积荒地，非常容易被风力和雨水侵蚀。

　在半干旱地区，草坪是主要的天然植被，家畜 饲养 是当地的一项主要经济活动。在一个地区过量饲养家畜会导致植被覆盖面积减少，土地被大量践踏和碾碎。通常，随之而来的就是土地硬化和加速侵蚀。

　在很多国家木材是用来做饭和加热的最主要燃料。人口增加带来的压力促使人们大量砍伐木材，导致许多城市和乡村周围大面积树木和灌木减少。同时人们大量使用烘干的动物排泄物作为替代燃料同样对土壤不利，因为这些珍贵的土壤成分调节剂和植物营养资源将不会再回归至土壤当中。

　造成土地沙漠化的最后一个主要人为因素在于人类过度灌溉导致土壤的盐碱化。灌溉多余的水渗透到地下水位。假如没有排水系统的存在，那么地下水位上升，把溶解的盐分带到土壤表面。水分蒸发后，盐分留在了表面，形成白色的地壳层，这一地壳层阻止了空气和水接触地底下的土壤。

　沙漠化问题异常严重，这是因为有佷广阔的地区和数量庞大的人群都受到了沙漠化的影响，而且要想逆转沙漠化的进程甚至减缓沙漠化的速度都面临着巨大的困难。一旦土壤被侵蚀，需要再经过几百到上千年的时间才会产生新的土壤。那些大量土壤仍保存完好的地方，亟需一个严谨而有力的保护政策和植被覆盖计划来保护现有土地。

托福TPO2Part2阅读原文及参考答案相关 文章 ：

1. tpo2阅读真题 part2

2. 托福阅读理解需要读全文吗

3. 托福独立写作万能例子有哪些

4. 托福听力16-27分,我是这么做的

5. 托福和雅思哪个比较好考

6. 新托福阅读考试一篇文章几道题

7. 雅思托福阅读对比

8. 托福口语task4解题方法技巧

9. 托福口语task4模板及答题策略

10. tpo2阅读真题 part2

如何真正听懂托福听力

首先 听力要考到29+，绝对不是把TPO刷了就可以搞定的，我见过没怎么刷题次次高分的，也见过参加很多次考试，月月刷分，次次听力分数逃不过22分魔咒的。问题出在哪？

问题在于 一般选手 把托福当考试，像高中那样不断刷题，以为通过刷题，不断翻炒TPO，就可以找到通往托福听力高分的钥匙，但是每当你进入考场，播放出听力的那一刻，你发现又是新话题，甚至出现英音，亦或考场出现一些小动静，有东西掉落，老师走动，一下子心理防线就崩塌了，当听力没有发挥好，后面的口语和写作也会受到影响。

高手会怎么做呢？

高手则把托福当作能力培养，不断刷新自己的能力，去考托福只是去检测自己能力有没有过关。所以 托福备考 要以能力培养为主，刷题为辅，能力培养在先，刷题在后。当你有了能力，不管什么题材，什么语速，周围环境如何，其实你都可以听懂，听懂了你就会做题，并且信心满满。

那么针对托福听力，该如何培养能力呢？

首先是选材！托福听力的语速中等偏上，题材多为社科类，比如生物，物理，历史，人文等等。 那么平时练习的材料最好与此相关，一来练习能力，而来积累相关背景，一石二鸟。我推荐你做SSS科学六十秒，每个音频1分钟左右，语速和难度高于托福，能听懂sss，托福都是小儿科了。

接下来说下方法！我是把sss用来做精听听抄练习的，我大概坚持了100篇sss的听抄，之后每次考托福听力都极为轻松，听力也成为我答的最舒服最有信心的一门，conversation我不记笔记，lecture会记下一些框架结构以及一些重要细节，比如因果逻辑，对比逻辑，但是前提是你要能够轻松听懂。

下面是我用英语听抄软件做的sss听抄截图，关于罗马希腊文化的。做听抄，我建议你使用听抄软件在电脑上做，这样不仅练了听力，同时可以练习拼写和打字速度，为写作做了铺垫。就这样不断听，认真听，时间长了听托福自然就觉得语速有些慢了，你能hold住了。

这些句子怎么翻译（托福机经汉译英）

With corn-like plant to do the new plastics, biopolymers, easily degradable, energy-saving environmental protection, but also in quality will not fall.

第一，professor说降解只发生在特定条件下，而且很难meet所有的条件：要暖，至少保持一周，没有heat和moisture的话，要用和traditional plastic一样长的时间才能降解． First, professor said that degradation occurs only under certain conditions, but also very difficult to meet all of the conditions: to be warm, or at least keep a week, there is no heat, and moisture, then use the traditional plastic, and as long as the time to degradation. 第二，为了做biopolymers，要先种玉米等原料，而农业恰恰极为耗能而且污染环境（因为农民用农药等化学物质）． Second, in order to do biopolymers, first kinds of corn and other raw materials, while agriculture is extremely energy-intensive and polluting the environment exactly (because farmers use pesticides and other chemical substances). 第三，质量上会inferior,比如要储存CD等东西，要durable，而biopolymers在heat和moisture下会降解，显然不行． Third, the quality will be inferior, such as to save the CD and other things, to durable, and biopolymers in the heat and moisture will degrade under the apparently impossible.

写作第一题是关于鸟类数量的下降的。 Writing is the first question is about the decline in the number of birds. 文章认为是人类活动的原因第一， 人类数量的增长导致人类不断expand自己居住的区域，挤压了鸟类的空间。 According to the article is the first cause of human activity, human growth has led to the number of human beings continue to expand their own district, squeezing the birds space.

第二，人类数量增长意味者对农业需求的增长。 Second, the number of human growth mean to the growth in demand for agriculture. 导致很多forest , wetlands and grassland等鸟类生活区域被开垦为农田。 Led to a lot of forest, wetlands and grassland birds such as living area was cleared for farmland.

第三，农业的发展致使农药大量使用，一些鸟类中毒死亡，即使鸟类吃了不死，也影响它们的繁殖能力。 Third, the development of agriculture resulted in large-scale use of pesticides, a number of birds died of poisoning, even if the birds eat it alive, but also affect their ability to reproduce.

问题补充： Questions added: 好急哦今天要用不要Google或其它软件翻译在线等谢谢高人回答 Oh, good emergency use today do not Google or other software translation of Gao Ren-line, etc. Thank you to answer

tpo 17 听力的问题 读不懂题目选项 求英语翻译 托福

A 通过画一个平行线（其实就是对等）一个和法律领域相似的程序

B 重复教授在课堂一开始的意见

C 提供一个可以支持教授观点的研究

D 比较教授的重点和教科书上的观点

满意请采纳 不懂可以追问~

请问托福tpo16这句话是什么结构？怎么翻译？

有一种结构成分与云的结构成分相近，在那里它们被压缩凝结。其实这个句子这样来看。 Have a composition closer to the composition of the cloud where they condenced from

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